P

Palmieri Dentistry: Roberto Palmieri, DMD

(on joe knox avenue)
Dentists in Mooresville, NC
Dentists

Hours

Monday
8:30AM - 5:00PM
Tuesday
8:30AM - 5:00PM
Wednesday
8:30AM - 5:00PM
Thursday
8:30AM - 5:00PM
Friday
8:30AM - 2:30PM
Saturday
Closed
Sunday
Closed

Location

206 Joe V Knox Avenue
Mooresville, NC
28117

About

About Dr. Palmieri
Roberto Palmieri, DMD is an expert in dental medicine and offers tooth and gum care to the men, women, and children of the greater Charlotte, North Carolina area at Palmieri Dentistry. With a convenient location near Lake Norman’s eastern shores, Dr. Palmieri provides expertise in oral services and general dentistry at his Mooresville, North Carolina office.
Click here to learn more about Dr. Palmieri.
 

Photos

Palmieri Dentistry: Roberto Palmieri, DMD Photo Palmieri Dentistry: Roberto Palmieri, DMD Photo Palmieri Dentistry: Roberto Palmieri, DMD Photo Palmieri Dentistry: Roberto Palmieri, DMD Photo

Services

  • Invisalign
  • Sleep Apnea
  • Dental Implants
  • Veneers
  • Botox
  • Restorative Dentistry
  • Root Canals
  • Same Day Crown

Latest

Dr. Palmieri is an Accreditated member of the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry, an honor only a little over 400 dentists worldwide have achieved. Contact our office today so we can make your dream smile a reality!
Did you know that dental fillings have a life expectancy of about 8 to 10 years? If you have fillings, make sure you get them looked at during your next visit.
To keep your teeth white, you should brush your teeth twice a day for 2 minutes, floss daily, limit foods that stain your teeth, and maintain regular visits to our office for checkups!
Thumbsucking is a natural reflex for children. However, after permanent teeth come in, sucking may cause problems with the proper growth of the mouth and alignment of the teeth. It can also cause changes in the roof of the mouth.
Snails are very small, but they have thousands of tiny teeth all lined up in rows.
It's Monday, but keep smiling!
Book an appointment today!
Have you met Dr. Palmieri? Learn more about him below! As a compassionate dentist, Dr. Palmieri heard his calling early in life and followed it across the globe. Dr. Palmieri is originally from Pompeii, Italy! He came to the United States in 1990 to be married and to pursue a career in Dentistry. He earned his Doctor of Dental Medicine degree at Temple University in Philadelphia (graduating at the top of his class in 1998), holds memberships with the Academy of General Dentistry and the American Dental Association, loves to volunteer in his community, and is 1 of only 400 people worldwide who have American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry accreditation. Dr. Palmier believes a lifelong commitment to learning is the only way to ensure his patients receive the best possible oral care. He and his patients benefit from his diverse foundation of education, experience, and advanced training. Dr. Palmieri would love to help you have the smile that you have always dreamt of. Visit us online, or call us today to schedule your next dental appointment! https://bit.ly/371dSEi (704) 247-6336
A mulberry molar is a tooth with more than the usual four cusps.
Flossing can be difficult, especially if you are on the go. Try using floss picks. They are easy to use and convenient when you travel.
Like fingerprints—and snowflakes—everyone’s tongue print is unique.
Make sure your toothpaste contains fluoride. This mineral helps strengthen your tooth enamel, thereby making your teeth more resistant to tooth decay.
You’ve heard that you should get enough sun to make vitamin D, which is good for your bones. This extends to your teeth and gums as well. You can also get vitamin D and calcium in supplements.
There is evidence that dentistry has been practiced since 7000 BC.
For a limited time we are offering $1000 off Invisalign, contact us today for details about this fantastic offer! (704) 247-6336 https://bit.ly/371dSEi
“Let us always meet each other with a smile, for the smile is the beginning of love.” - Mother Teresa
Avoid using your teeth for anything other than chewing food. If you use them to crack nuts, remove bottle tops or rip open packaging, you risk chipping or even breaking your teeth.
What's your favorite brand of toothpaste?
Improve your oral health at home by establishing a good oral care routine! Read our new blog post in the link below to learn about the top five foods that promote oral health as well as foods to avoid. https://bit.ly/3ocHbdh (704) 247-6336 #dentistry #oralhealth #healthyroutine #healthysmile #drpalmieri #newblogpost #readourblog #dentalblog #whattoeat#mooresvillenc #mooresvilledentist #palmieridentistry #northcarolinadentist #improveyouroralhealth #checkitout #whatnottoeat #healthyeats #strongenamel #cavityprevention
It’s impossible to be “immune” to dental problems. However, by taking care of your teeth properly, you can prevent any issues from arising.
Three percent of adolescents age 12 to 19 have never been to the dentist.
We can help you achieve a healthy and beautiful smile! Give us a call today.
All of us at Palmieri Dentistry wish you a happy and safe Halloween! (704) 247-6336 https://bit.ly/371dSEi #dentistry #palmierismiles #drpalmieri #mooresvilledentist #northcarolinadentist #teeth #oralcare #smile #palmieridentistry #schedulenow #happyhalloween #newpost
If you’re a smoker, here’s one more reason to quit. Not only does smoking affect your physical health, but it can also harm oral health as it causes bad breath, yellow teeth, and increases the risk of gum disease.
It is recommended to change your toothbrush about every three months
People don’t chew up and down; they chew side to side just like cows chew!
A smile is the shortest distance between two people!
We love to see our patients smile!
"I love my wrinkles and crow's feet"...said no one ever! In honor of National Botox Cosmetic Day (Nov. 18th), we are offering Botox Cosmetic for only $10 a unit for the whole month of November! By diminishing wrinkles and fine lines, Botox could be just the refreshing confidence booster that you need. Why not treat yourself? You're worth it! Call the office today to schedule your consult appointment with Dr. Palmieri.
Twelve percent of adults between 20 and 64 have not been to the dentist in the last five years!
Have you ever been curious about how dental implants work? We offer complete implant restorations. Read about them here, then contact us to schedule a consultation! 704-247-6336 https://bit.ly/2GtU2H4
The end of the year is coming soon, make sure you use your benefits before they run out! Give us a call today or visit our website to schedule your next appointment! (704) 247-6336 https://bit.ly/371dSEi #dentist #dental #dentalhealth #dentalcare #endofyear #benefits #palmieridentistry #schedulenow #drpalmieri #mooresvilledentist
"Life is like a mirror. Smile at it, and it smiles back at you!" - Peace Pilgrim
You might have to reach for your child’s toothpaste every once in a while when you run out, but make sure you don’t make it a regular thing. Children’s toothpaste does not have adequate fluoride for adults.
A baby tooth usually remains in the child's mouth until a permanent tooth underneath it is ready to emerge through the gums.
There are 10 to 12 teaspoons of sugar in a single can of soda! By avoiding sugary drinks like sodas and fruit juices, you can significantly reduce your risk of tooth decay!
You probably already know that a diet of fruits and vegetables is good for teeth, but starchy foods are an essential part of that diet, too. Bread, rice, potatoes, and pasta help balance out your diet for healthy teeth.
Tobacco stains teeth and significantly increases the risk of gum disease and oral cancer. If you smoke or use chewing tobacco, consider quitting.
What made you smile today?
Happy National Botox Day! Hurry in before November ends - we are offering botox for only $10 a unit. Book now! (704) 247-6336 https://bit.ly/371dSEi #botox #november #nationalbotoxday #dentist #dental #dentalhealth #dentalcare #palmieridentistry #schedulenow #drpalmieri #mooresvilledentist #northcarolinadentist
Drinking teeth-staining liquids (such as coffee or tea) through a reusable straw can help reduce the staining on your teeth and may help reduce the risk of tooth decay.
Have a glass of water before tea! Since tea contains caffeine, it is better to drink water first to reduce acidity, which reduces the effect of tea on your teeth and your gums!
The tooth is the only part of the body that can't heal itself!
Wishing you and your family a Happy Thanksgiving. We hope that you have an enjoyable day full of gratitude!🍁 (704) 247-6276 | https://bit.ly/371dSEi #thanksgiving #november #happythanksgiving #dentist #dental #dentalhealth #dentalcare #palmieridentistry #drpalmieri #thankful #mooresvilledentist #northcarolinadentist #givethanks #thanksgiving2020
You shouldn't brush your teeth after vomiting or reflux. Doing so can cause more damage to your teeth. Instead, use water to rinse your mouth out once you're feeling better.
Why is it better to receive teeth whitening treatment from a professional dentist? Over-the-counter products are legally only allowed to contain up to 0.01% peroxide, which is too low to have a significant impact on the color of your teeth. Ask our office how we can brighten your smile today!
Your nutrition affects your teeth, so eat healthily!
“A smile is an inexpensive way to change your looks.” - Charles Gordy
Through December, we are offering 💲1️⃣0️⃣0️⃣0️⃣ off of Invisalign treatment! Start your journey to a more perfect smile this holiday season! Give us a call today for more details! (704) 247-6276 | https://bit.ly/371dSEi #dentist #trustedcosmeticdentistry #dentalhealth #dentalcare #palmieridentistry #schedulenow #drpalmieri #mooresvilledentist #northcarolinadentist #cosmeticdentist #invisalign #special
When you have a dozen reasons to smile, don't let one reason make you frown!
Plaque and bacteria can gather on, around, and under your tongue too. Clean the surface of your tongue daily, either with your toothbrush or with a tongue cleaner. This will also help prevent bad breath!
Although Kim (and all our staff) will greet you with a mask on 😷 when you visit, isn’t it nice to see her beautiful smile? Being able to see the face that goes with the voice on the phone when you call 704-662-6020 to get an appointment - is great too!
Make sure you’re keeping your toothbrush clean. After rinsing it after each use, leave it to air dry to prevent new bacteria from growing.
Our office got these super cute cookies from Lakeside Implant & Oral Surgery today! We love them! #lakesideimplantandoralsurgery
Smiles are contagious! Don't forget to smile today!
Check out this 5️⃣⭐ review from one of our amazing patients! We receive so much support from each of you. Thank you for choosing and supporting our practice. We couldn't do it without you!! Check out more of our reviews, or leave your own at the link below!! (704) 662-6020 | https://bit.ly/33ZVeu6 #drpalmieri #dentistry #oralcare #healthysmiles #smile #northcarolinadentist #newpost #mooresvilledentist #handwashing #nationalhandwashingweek #teeth #whitesmiles #5starreview #review #patientreview #thankyou
Give us a call to schedule your next dental appointment!
“Nothing you wear is more important than your smile.” - Connie Stevens
Happy National Chocolate Covered Anything Day 🍫! Use this as an excuse to get yourself some dessert!! Comment ⬇️ what your favorite food to dip in chocolate is! 704-247-6336 | https://bit.ly/371dSEi #dentistry #smilesbypalmieridentistry #teeth #healthysmiles #oralcare #newpost #schedulenow #cosmeticdentistry #mooresvilledentist #northcarolinadentist #drpalmieri #nationalchocolatecoveredanythingday #chocolate #dessert
Smiling doesn't necessarily mean you're happy. Sometimes it just means you're strong.
We offer so many procedures, but our favorite is cosmetic dentistry! Here is an amazing before and after! Call us today to achieve results like this! (704) 247-6276 https://bit.ly/371dSEi #dentistry #smilesbypalmieridentistry #teeth #healthysmiles #oralcare #newpost #schedulenow #beforeandafter #cosmeticdentistry #mooresvilledentist #northcarolinadentist #drpalmieri
Crocodiles get their teeth cleaned, too! The Crocodile Bird flies into the open mouth of a crocodile to clean their teeth.
Shine so brightly that others have no choice but to light up with you!
If you or someone you know has lost their dental benefits, Palmieri Dentistry offers a low-cost dental plan designed to work with your individual needs and your budgets! We want you to receive the care you need to keep your mouth and smile healthy! Call us today to see how our membership plan can help you! (704) 247-6276 https://bit.ly/371dSEi #palmieridentistry #mooresvilledentist #northcarolinadentist #teeth #newpost #scheduletoday #dentistry #oralcare #healthysmiles #smile #smilesbypalmieridentistry #dentalbenefits
Wisdom teeth get their nickname from the age when they typically grow in. Wisdom teeth don’t actually grow out until the dental arch becomes larger, around 17 to 25; this time is referred to as the “age of wisdom.”
Although it might have staining effects, recent research has shown that a cup of black tea (without sugar, lemon, or milk) can help suppress the growth of cavity-causing bacteria.
“Nothing you wear is more important than your smile.” - Connie Stevens
Smile every day; it enhances your appearance, changes your mood, relieves stress, and helps you stay positive!
Today is National Call a Friend Day! Call a friend and let them know Palmieri Dentistry is the place to be! We love referrals, and we are now accepting new patients! ☎️ (704) 247-6276 | https://bit.ly/371dSEi #dentist #dental #dentalhealth #dentalcare #palmieridentistry #smilesbypalmieridentistry #mooresvilledentist #nationalcallafriendday #referral
Palmieri Dentistry wishes you a Merry Christmas! (704) 662-6020 https://bit.ly/371dSEi #palmieridentistry #drpalmieri #teeth #healthysmiles #smilesbypalmieridentistry #smile #newpost #scheduletoday #mooresvilledentist #northcarolinadentist #dentistry #merrychristmas
Schedule a consultation today to make your smile dreams come true!
Get your teeth whitened for a brighter and more beautiful smile. Book an appointment today!
How do you fix a broken tooth? With toothpaste!
It is almost the end of the year, and what a year it has been! Let's take a poll. How many of you make new years resolutions? (704) 247-6276 | https://bit.ly/371dSEi #dentist #dental #dentalhealth #dentalcare #palmieridentistry #smilesbypalmieridentistry #endofyear #newyear #resolutions #poll
Once the baby teeth have erupted, the crowns and roots of the adult teeth are already forming underneath.
Find a reason to smile today!
If you ever get a tooth knocked out (and we hope this never happens!), pop it in a glass of milk. This will help to preserve it until a dentist can put it back into place.
Keep smiling because life is a beautiful thing, and there is so much to smile about.
The masks won't last forever, so while they are here, let us help you get the smile you've always wanted! Right now, get $1000 off Invisalign and get that smile mask-free ready! 704-247-6336 | https://bit.ly/31NQjeE #dentist #dental #dentalhealth #dentalcare #palmieridentistry #smilesbypalmieridentistry #mooresvilledentist #masks #smile #invisalign
Thanks to the durability of tooth enamel, our teeth actually outlast us. In fact, some of the most fascinating things we know about human history come from the study of our forebearers’ dental remains.
Never underestimate the importance of having a person in your life who can always make you smile.
Do you have a child gearing up for their first visit to the dentist? They might be a little nervous, but parents, we have a few tips to calm those nerves! Read books about visiting the dentist, take your child to the office for a preview, and go over what their first visit will be like. Most importantly, speak positively about your dental experiences!
Right now we are offering a free cosmetic dentistry consultation AND 10% off accepted cosmetic treatment! Give us a call today to schedule your next appointment!! ☎️🗓️ 704-247-6336 | https://bit.ly/3sla0X6 #dentist #dental #dentalhealth #dentalcare #palmieridentistry #smilesbypalmieridentistry #cosmeticdentistry #dentalconsultation
What put a smile on your face today?
A root canal is done to repair and save a badly damaged or infected tooth instead of removing it.⁣
Good oral habits should start early! Make sure the children in your life know how to properly brush and floss their teeth, and do so regularly. Children at the age of 2 can be allowed to brush on their own, though they should still be supervised.
Would You Rather Wednesday! Would you rather...get a root canal or...give a presentation to 1000 people on a topic you know nothing about!? Comment below! ⬇️ 704-247-6336 | https://bit.ly/31NQjeE #dentist #dental #dentalhealth #dentalcare #palmieridentistry #smilesbypalmieridentistry #morresvilledentist #wouldyourather
If you’re right-handed, you tend to chew food on your right side. If you’re left-handed, you’ll more likely chew food on the left.
Proper nutrition means eating a well-balanced diet so that your body can get the nutrients needed for good health and wellness. If your diet is low in the nutrients your body needs, your mouth may have a more difficult time resisting infection.
Drink more water! Yes, water is good for your overall health, but it helps your dental health too. It keeps your gums hydrated and helps filter out any food and bacteria after eating!
Our office has an opening for a talented and motivated dental assistant. The position would be part-time, with potential to become full-time. Availability must be flexible. Email your resume to admin@palmieridentistry.com. Visit palmieridentistry.com to learn more about our office. PALMIERI DENTISTRY: ROBERTO PALMIERI, DMD Dental Assistant
Did you know giraffes only have bottom teeth?
Dental care tips to keep your smile at its best: 1. Brush twice a day. 2. Floss once a day. 3. Maintain a teeth-friendly diet. 4. Drink lots of water. 5. Visit the dentist twice a year for regular cleanings & exams!
Avoid eating an hour before bed to give your saliva a chance to do its job clearing away food debris and neutralizing acid.
Good oral habits should start early! Make sure the children in your life know how to properly brush and floss their teeth, and do so regularly. Children at the age of 2 can be allowed to brush on their own, though they should still be supervised.
"A warm smile is the universal language of kindness." - William Arthur Ward
Did you know there are over 300 kinds of bacteria that can attack your teeth? The good news is that with healthy dental hygiene habits & regular checkups, you can protect your teeth from bacteria and other substances that can weaken teeth and cause decay!
Why did the king go to the dentist? To get his teeth crowned!
Consuming acidic foods and beverages, such as sports and energy drinks, citrus fruits, wine, and tomatoes, can erode tooth enamel. Rinse your mouth with water after consuming acidic foods and beverages and wait at least 30 minutes before brushing your teeth!
Our office has an opening for a talented and motivated dental assistant. The position would be part-time, with potential to become full-time. Availability must be flexible. Email your resume to admin@palmieridentistry.com. Visit palmieridentistry.com to learn more about our office. PALMIERI DENTISTRY: ROBERTO PALMIERI, DMD Dental Assistant
Keep a pack of sugar-free gum on hand wherever you go. It can come in handy when you’ve accidentally forgotten your toothbrush!
Only 40 percent of young people aged six to 19 have had cavities in their life. That’s down from 50 percent a decade ago.
In addition to brushing and flossing, rinsing your mouth with an antibacterial rinse can help prevent decay and gum problems.
"A warm smile is the universal language of kindness." - William Arthur Ward
Did you know there are over 300 kinds of bacteria that can attack your teeth? The good news is that with healthy dental hygiene habits & regular checkups, you can protect your teeth from bacteria and other substances that can weaken teeth and cause decay!
We love to see our patients smile!
We all need to brush; make sure you’re using the right toothbrush for you.
Smiling offers more health benefits than you think. Not only does it help to change your mood and relieve stress by triggering your brain to release endorphins, but it also boosts your immune system and lowers your blood pressure over time! (Not to mention a smile always looks good on you!)
Why visit the dentist every six months? The time in-between each visit is enough for the development of plaque to take place, and regular cleanings with the dentist will remove this plaque and prevent it from causing harm to your dental and overall oral health.
Make sure you’re getting enough calcium to maintain healthy teeth! Yogurt, fortified orange juice, broccoli, cheese, and other dairy products can provide you with that much-needed calcium.
Your smile is the first thing people notice when they meet you. Show off your best smile by practicing healthy dental habits!
The worst culprits of staining teeth are coffee, wine, tea, and cigarette smoke. If you want a brighter smile, it's best to limit or avoid these things entirely.
Flossing is an important part of taking care of your teeth and gums. Flossing at least once a day can help prevent plaque from building up in-between your teeth!
Your diet is essential to healthy living, but did you know that eating right can help prevent tooth decay & gum disease? Drink lots of water, & stay away from sugar-loaded foods and drinks! Your teeth—and body—will thank you later!
You may brush regularly, but are you brushing for long enough? It's recommended to brush for at least two minutes, twice daily!
We often treat patients who have neglected to take care of their teeth for long periods of time. This neglect can result in situations where many of the patient’s teeth are decayed, damaged, or even completely missing. When this happens, we often recommend that the patient consider dentures to replace their missing teeth.
Don't forget to smile today!
All other tissues in our bodies have the power to repair themselves, but our teeth can’t. When damaged, they must be repaired by a skilled dentist using crowns, fillings, or veneers.
As we get older, it becomes more important to maintain our oral health. Skipping dentist appointments or becoming lax on brushing and flossing can lead to gum disease.
Your smile is the first thing people notice when they meet you. Show off your best smile by practicing healthy dental habits!
“A smile cures the wounding of a frown.” - William Shakespeare
Around 200 A.D., the Romans used a mixture of eggshells, oyster shells, and honey to clean their teeth.
Think you might need a consultation? Book one today by giving our office a call!
We often treat patients who have neglected to take care of their teeth for long periods of time. This neglect can result in situations where many of the patient’s teeth are decayed, damaged, or even completely missing. When this happens, we often recommend that the patient consider dentures to replace their missing teeth.
Don't forget to smile today!
Visit your dentist regularly (preferably every 6 months)! They can help detect dental conditions before they become severe, and even prevent them from occurring in the first place with preventive treatments like cleanings.
According to a recent Time survey, 59 percent of people would rather have a dental appointment than having to sit next to someone who is talking on a cell phone…Who would've thought?
Toss that toothpick! Sure, they may come in handy if you badly need to remove food debris, but toothpicks are not equal to dental floss; they can splinter and break, and using them too aggressively can damage gum tissue.
Chewing sugar-free gum after a meal can help protect teeth by increasing saliva flow, which naturally washes away bacteria and neutralizes acids.
“A smile cures the wounding of a frown.” - William Shakespeare
Thank you Zammitti & Gidaly Orthodontics for the treats yesterday! They were delicious!
Visit your dentist regularly (preferably every 6 months)! They can help detect dental conditions before they become severe, and even prevent them from occurring in the first place with preventive treatments like cleanings.
According to a recent Time survey, 59 percent of people would rather have a dental appointment than having to sit next to someone who is talking on a cell phone…Who would've thought?
Toss that toothpick! Sure, they may come in handy if you badly need to remove food debris, but toothpicks are not equal to dental floss; they can splinter and break, and using them too aggressively can damage gum tissue.
Chewing sugar-free gum after a meal can help protect teeth by increasing saliva flow, which naturally washes away bacteria and neutralizes acids.
Happy Birthday, Dr. Palmieri!
Today is National Let's Laugh Day! To honor that, we wanted to grace your day with a dental joke!👇 What Does the Dentist of the Year Get? A little plaque. 🤣 Tell us in the comments below - what made you laugh today? (704) 508-4991 | https://bit.ly/38XyCNr #palmieridentistry #nationalletslaughday #bestdentist #mooresvilledentist #northcarolinadentist #comevisit #dentalhealth
Thank you Zammitti & Gidaly Orthodontics for the treats yesterday! They were delicious!
Visit your dentist regularly (preferably every 6 months)! They can help detect dental conditions before they become severe, and even prevent them from occurring in the first place with preventive treatments like cleanings.
According to a recent Time survey, 59 percent of people would rather have a dental appointment than having to sit next to someone who is talking on a cell phone…Who would've thought?
Today is National Puppy Day! What a happy day! Do you have a favorite furry friend? Show us in the comments below! #palmieridentistry #nationalpuppyday #furryfriend #mansbestfriend
Happy Birthday, Dr. Palmieri!
Today is National Let's Laugh Day! To honor that, we wanted to grace your day with a dental joke!👇 What Does the Dentist of the Year Get? A little plaque. 🤣 Tell us in the comments below - what made you laugh today? (704) 508-4991 | https://bit.ly/38XyCNr #palmieridentistry #nationalletslaughday #bestdentist #mooresvilledentist #northcarolinadentist #comevisit #dentalhealth
Thank you Zammitti & Gidaly Orthodontics for the treats yesterday! They were delicious!
Visit your dentist regularly (preferably every 6 months)! They can help detect dental conditions before they become severe, and even prevent them from occurring in the first place with preventive treatments like cleanings.

Information

Company name
Palmieri Dentistry: Roberto Palmieri, DMD
Category
Dentists

FAQs

  • What is the phone number for Palmieri Dentistry: Roberto Palmieri, DMD in Mooresville NC?
    You can reach them at: 704-247-6276. It’s best to call Palmieri Dentistry: Roberto Palmieri, DMD during business hours.
  • What is the address for Palmieri Dentistry: Roberto Palmieri, DMD on joe knox avenue in Mooresville?
    Palmieri Dentistry: Roberto Palmieri, DMD is located at this address: 206 Joe V Knox Avenue Mooresville, NC 28117.
  • What are Palmieri Dentistry: Roberto Palmieri, DMD(Mooresville, NC) store hours?
    Palmieri Dentistry: Roberto Palmieri, DMD store hours are as follows: Mon-Thu: 8:30AM - 5:00PM, Fri: 8:30AM - 2:30PM, Sat-Sun: Closed.